So it looks like it was up to the unit icons. I've found a temporary fix: enabling the option in the settings for the unit icons to be constantly loaded. Now there are no crashes, I've been able to play for over 30 minutes now.

I usually cannot play for longer than 2-3 minutes at a time before my game spontaneously freezes and I have to use task manager to shut it down. I noticed that perhaps this might have to do with zooming, as it tends to always freeze after I zoom in quickly from the strategic map to the actual map.

Here is the log:
game_17512227.log

@magge I'll try as soon as I can.